This is a French crucifixion bottle purchased in Provence, France. These are usually called a Passion Bottle or Calvary Bottle. A crucifixion bottle, or "God in a bottle," is a form of folk art featuring intricate, miniature scenes of the crucifixion of Jesus inside a glass bottle. Popularized in the 18th-20th centuries, these would take patience and a long time to complete. Usually crafted from carved wood, they feature a central cross, often accompanied by instruments of the Passion such as ladders, spears, and dice, or a rooster, and are frequently preserved in water or oil. This one is not.
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